"When only 10 percent of the students in elite higher education come from families in the lower half of the income distribution, we are not doing enough," said Harvard President Lawrence Summers, who will announce the financial aid changes at a meeting of the American Council on Education in Miami Beach, Florida, on Sunday.

Summers said higher education, rather than being an engine of social mobility, could be inhibiting it because of the wide gap in college attendance for students from different income classes.

Harvard officials believe theirs will be the first selective college to remove the parental contribution for low-income students, though some colleges do that unofficially to attract students they want.

At Harvard, the idea of eliminating the parental contribution grew out of focus groups with lower-income students last fall. University officials found many of the students were paying some or all of their parents' share themselves.

Peter Brown, a junior from Oklahoma who participated in the focus groups, said that was true for him. One of seven children whose father died in 1991 and whose mother works as a schoolteacher, he said he did not show his mother the bill for the parental contribution. Last year, it was nearly $3,000.

Only 7 percent of Harvard undergraduates are from families with earnings in the lowest quarter of American household incomes and 16 percent are from the bottom half. Nearly three-quarters are from families with earnings in the top quarter.

Summers said the numbers at most other selective private colleges were similar. Harvard's tuition this year is $26,066. With room, board, books and other expenses, the total can reach $44,000. Harvard provides about $80 million in scholarship aid.

Parents who earn less than $40,000 are now asked to contribute an average of $2,300. That figure will drop to zero under the new plan, which begins in the fall. Parents with incomes of $40,000 to $60,000 will have their contributions cut to an average of $2,250, down from $3,500.

Students will still be expected to contribute by working over the summer and in the school year. Harvard officials said they expected the new initiative to cost about $2 million next year and to help about 1,000 of the 6,600 undergraduates.

As tuition and other costs at most colleges have risen faster than family incomes have, students have increasingly turned to loans. Harvard and other universities with large endowments have given more grants in recent years, reducing the amount students must borrow. This year, Harvard graduates will have an average debt of $8,800, compared with $14,600 in 1998.

Brown, the junior, said his mother's entire salary was well below the cost of a year at Harvard. In the past, he simply asked her what she felt she could contribute.

"She'd give me a figure," he said. "It was not as much as the school asked. I would say, 'I re He said he led a "spartan life" at school to save money. Besides spending about 10 hours a week on a federally subsidized campus job, he is always looking for other jobs or studies that pay participants.

Under the new plan, he said, "I won't have to look every week for people who need boxes moved or other things."

Brian Fitzgerald, staff director for the Advisory Committee on Student Financial Assistance, said Brown's situation was not unusual.

"Lot of kids, including middle-income kids, are making up that parental expectation out of their own earnings," said Fitzgerald, whose committee advises Congress.

Under federal financial aid programs, parents who earn less than $15,000 a year are not expected to contribute to their children's college education; the advisory committee has recommended that that figure be raised to $35,000, or at least $25,000.

"The reality today is that in families earning $35,000, those parental contributions are simply not there," Fitzgerald said.

Summers said that making college more affordable for low-income, high-ability students would address only part of the problem. The more difficult challenge, he said, was giving lower-achieving, lower-income students the support they need to qualify academically.

He said Harvard would expand its recruitment of lower-income students. Harvard is also starting a summer academy this year for high school students from low-income families.

Oakland Tribune: General Contact Information
401 13th Street
Oakland, California 94612
(510) 208-6330 Switchboard
(510) 293-2709 Online Content
www.oaklandtribune.com